MIDI controllers generate no sound on their own but send performance data to virtual instruments and hardware synthesizers. The concept emerged in the 1980s with the development of the MIDI protocol. Key manufacturers include Akai (MPK Series), Native Instruments (Komplete Kontrol), Arturia (KeyLab Series), and Novation (Launchkey). Controllers range from simple keyboard layouts to advanced pad, knob, and fader configurations. Used in music production, live performance, and studio recording, MIDI controllers allow seamless integration with digital audio workstations (DAWs), enhancing workflow and creativity.